Make sure you call and confirm the date and time of your
trial. Do not be late or your case might be dismissed. If
the trial date conflicts with something very important, you
may request that the court "continue" or postpone the
trial. Make this request as soon as possible.
When you arrive for the trial, take a seat in the
courtroom. Procedures vary from court to court. Usually,
the court will go through a "docket call." Answer when your
case is called. Some judges will ask you whether you are
ready to proceed with your case. You should answer "ready."
He will then ask the person you are suing the same
question. Most judges will briefly explain the procedure to
be used in your trial. If you are confused about anything
the judge says, or if you have other questions, do not be
afraid to ask the judge. When the trial begins, the judge
will ask you and your witnesses to swear to tell the truth.
The judge will also swear in the person you are suing
before he tells his side of the controversy.
You will have the first chance to tell your story. Go
through the statement you previously prepared. Call your
witnesses one at a time to testify. If you have
photographs, have someone testify about what each
photograph shows. For example, if you have photographs of a
damaged item, have someone testify that the photograph
accurately depicts how the item looked at the time the
damage occurred. If you have documents, have someone
testify about what each document is. If you have brought
anything with you, now is the time to show it to the court.
Take your time so that the judge can understand the points
you are trying to make. If the judge does not understand
you, or wants something made clearer, he may ask you some
questions. You will have an opportunity to tell your story
without being interrupted by the other side. When you are
finished, however, the person you are suing will have a
chance to ask you and your witnesses questions.
After both you and your witnesses have told the judge what
you know, the person you are suing will explain why he
thinks he should not have to pay you any money. It may be
his position that you are wrong in the way you say the
events occurred. Or he may say that your story is correct
but that you are demanding too much money. He also has a
chance to tell his story without interruption. After he is
finished, you can ask both him and his witnesses questions.
The judge may also ask them questions.
You cannot make statements to the witnesses. Ask them
questions. You cannot argue with the witnesses about their
testimony. If you think the person you are suing or his
witnesses are not telling the truth, you should ask
questions which would expose this fact to the judge. You do
not have to say you disagree with everything a witness
says. Obviously, there is a disagreement otherwise you
would not be in court.
Be polite and courteous to the witnesses and others in the
courtroom. Obey the court's instructions. Be brief and to
the point. State your position in a respectful tone. Don't
try and play Perry Mason. This is not the time to "object"
to everything the other side says. A nonlawyer generally
cannot back up objections with legal argument. In fact,
some justice court judges will not even entertain formal
objections. You will probably find it better not to make
objections during the trial of your case. Be sure that you
present facts to the court that establish that the
defendant owes you money and show how much money he owes
you. The burden of proof is on you.
After the judge has heard the facts from both sides,
including the witnesses, and everyone has asked all the
questions he wants to ask, the judge will then decide who
wins the case and the amount, if any, the winner should
receive. He may want more time to think about the case. If
so, he will probably tell you when you can expect a
decision.
Jury trials
If you want a jury trial, the same procedure described
above will be followed, but before you begin telling your
story, both you and the person you are suing will be given
a list of the names of potential jury members. You will be
allowed to question these people and then decide which of
them you do not wish to be on the jury. You may disqualify
three of them for any reason (called a "peremptory
challenge"). You may disqualify others if you show the
judge that there is some fact which by the law disqualifies
a person from serving as a juror or which convinces the
judge that a person is unfit to be on the jury. For
example, you may discover that one of the potential jurors
is a close relative of the person you are suing. This fact
would normally be enough to disqualify this person and
would not count as one of your three peremptory challenges.
This procedure will be explained to you in more detail by
the judge if you ask .
If you or the person you are suing has chosen to have a
jury trial, the jury, and not the judge, will usually
decide whether you have won your case. If the jury decides
that you have won, it will also decide the amount of money
you should receive from the person you are suing.
Continue on to collection...